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7 Things You Never Knew About Brook Trout

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Presented by Abel Reels

Brook trout are definitely one of our favorite species to target on the fly. They are beautiful, live in incredible places, and will not hesitate to slam a dry fly. This photo essay is from this past weekend fishing in Pennsylvania. Most of the fish were caught stripping dry flies, or on a small nymph behind a dry. Here are a handful of interesting facts that you may not have known about one of your favorite species:

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#1 – They’re Not Technically a Trout

Brook trout are actually not technically a “Trout”. They are They are in the Char family, although they are the most “Trout Like” in their family.

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#2 – As Long as the Water is Cold and Clean, They Can Live Just About Anywhere…

Brook trout inhabit a wide range of habitats, from tiny mountain streams to large deep lakes. They require cold clean water and tend to be sensitive to low oxygen levels. Most brook trout live to be about 5 years old and stay under 12 inches in size, but the larger brook trout can actually live to be over 10 years old!

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#3 – Some Brookie Sub-Species Can Thrive in Saltwater

Certain strains of brook trout have known to be Anadromous, living in salt and then running up into rivers to reproduce. These fish are referred to as “Coasters” or “Salters” – the salters going from salt to river, and the Coasters going from the Great Lakes to spawn in tributaries of the lakes.

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#4 – In the Right Settings, They Can Get Giant…

The largest brook trout ever caught was John William Cook’s world-record brook trout—caught in July 1916 on Ontario’s Nipigon River—was 31.5 inches long and weighed in 14.5 pounds.

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#5 – They Are the Most Popular Official State Fish

The Brook Trout takes first place for the most popular state fish with these states claiming it for their Official State Fish; Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.

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#6 – They Like to Get Freaky in the Fall…

Brook trout spawn in late summer or autumn in gravel beds in the shallows of headwaters of streams. Females are known to lay between 100-5000 eggs depending on her size, hatching 50-100 days later. They have been known to eat their own eggs at spawning time and even their own young.

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#7. The Tiger Trout is a Hybrid of a Brook Trout.

The splake and the tiger trout are both hybrids of the brook trout.

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Organization of the Month: Pig Farm Ink

For this installment of Flylords’ Organization of the Month, we talked with the folks at Pig Farm Ink. You may have heard of Pig Farm Ink before–they host events and organize volunteers in the name of fly fishing all over the country. Or you may not have heard of them. Either way, follow along to learn more about Pig Farm Ink!

FL: Before we dive in, can you give a brief summary of what Pig Farm Ink is?
PFI: Pig Farm is a group of folks that volunteer their time to bring people in their local communities together. They do this by putting together local events build bonds that expand the love of outdoors and highlight conservation. And we are world class at partying. And fuck spending your lives on cell phones and video games.

FL: How did Pig Farm Ink Start?
PFI: It’s a looong story, but it starts with broken hearts and ends with turning that energy into something that saved our lives, and that’s fly fishing. It started with 2 people, turned into 4 then into 8; then on and on. It’s mainly based in the United States but has reached as far as Iceland – there is a rad community going on there.
FL: Going off that, care to explain the origin of “Pig Farm Ink”?
PFI: let’s start a channel about getting people fly fishing by getting bad tattoos, really bad tattoos. No Shit. We think they are great. Watch the pig farm YouTube channel episodes.

FL: What are some of Pig Farm Ink’s guiding principles?
PFI: We think we can help a lotta large scale problems by connecting people to the outside world in a way that shows them the opportunities in their own backyards.
Our thing is:
1. Build Community
2. Go Outside
3. Have Fun.
With those things, we think we can make some headway into getting young & old away from video games and cell phones. Maybe we can get some people to look up and step out, and learn that once they start building bonds locally their communities expand nationally as the Pig Farm communities create a connective strand every time there is an event. Our hashtags are #flyfishingsaveslives and #pigfarmbuttsdrivesgirlsnuts
FL: How do you achieve those principles?
PFI:We throw and teach/help people throw fun outdoor related events. It starts by getting people together. Often with lots of beer, you increase the amount of smiles around. That’s when a community forms or gets tighter. Then the next step is usually planning an event based on getting people that don’t fly fish to at least think that they would like to try it and bringing the homies together for the cause. There’s a shared bond and people that attend an event in one town decide to host an event in their own town. That’s a really important outcome, people feel like they can do this, and other Farmers (as we refer to ppl in the community) are there to help. Sometimes there’s fights, dating, rock n roll, puke, cops, gifts…
Getting Trashed!
FL: We’ve heard some rowdy stories of past Pig Farm events. Can you tell us about your events?
PFI: We shoot first and ask questions later. One of our events “Iron Fly” (think iron chef but fly tying but scored mostly on teaching new folks) usually starts at a bar and with a crowd based bad tattoo contest. If yours can beat ours we will remove it from you for free and tattoo it on us. Ya see this is how we get the folks at the bar that didn’t come for the fly tying party to pay attention
Photo by Brook Fritz
FL: Any specific stories come to mind that you can describe? (emphasis on can)
PFI: Something dumb is bound to happen at every event. Flipped canoes, trucks stuck in the mud, people gettin stitches, pickin’ prosthetic legs out of a river, third degree burns, you name it.  Lots of good times.
FL: How can our readers get involved?
PFI: Follow us on Instagram to learn more about upcoming events–be sure to bring friends that fish and that don’t fish! Host an event in your town, almost every river could use a little love. Except Vermont, those people keep that shit clean! Also, check out PigFarmInk.com to check out some of the Pig Farm gear!
FL: Do you all have any new projects in the works?
PFI:Yes 🙂

Nonprofit Spotlight: Fish For Change

Organization of the Month: Brown Folks Fly Fishing

Salmon River, NY Report & Tips: Jan. 30, 2020

Image used by permission from @david_simula_

Lake Ontario And Summary

It is cold out there but fishing has started to heat up. We double-checked this and we have received confirmation from multiple reliable sources that the river is fishing better. There are different pockets that are not fishing as well but from an overall perspective, the fishing has vastly improved.
Right now, the water is at 350CFS and although not considered the best water for Steelhead it opens up other spots as anglers are able to access spots because they can wade and cross the river.

This Coming Weekend

Today and this coming weekend, we are going to see improved weather conditions and even some sunshine. If fishing this weekend, we recommend that you fish early light and then after the sun comes up to go for deeper holes on the rest of the river. There may be some pockets of shelf ice or slush but very minimal.

How long will this last? We are not sure, but every week since the end of December the fishing has improved.

Pro Tips

Image used by permission from @cityflynyc

Three Pro Tips For Tying Flies For Steelhead on the Salmon River from Brian Sheppard @cityflynyc who is a guide, fly tier, fly tying instructor. Here are his three tips for tying flies for Steelhead on the Salmon River.

1. Always tie two variations of the same fly…
A sparse and fuller option or a large or smaller version of the same fly will help with quick-changing conditions on the river. Sometimes it’s not the actual pattern but the variation that will make the difference in your productivity.

2. See Snow? Go Blue.
As soon as there is snow on the ground in the region, switch to a pattern with blue. This color is a well-known secret amongst locals that fish the Lake Ontario tributaries.

3. Learn From Old School Salmon Tyers. You only need 2 or 3 wraps to hold most material — much more than that you are building bulk.

Brian’s Hottest Selling Flies For Steelhead
Slivernator (white), Nuke Eggs(12-14), White Death.

Douglaston Salmon Run

Fishing has improved over the last few months. Some days are a bit more difficult than others, but overall, the fishing has improved. Last weekend @upstateonthefly was able to swing and land a beautiful steelhead on a dry fly line. As you know, swinging in the winter is not as efficient, but adding a dry line makes it ten times harder, but he was able to get it done.

If fishing this weekend, we recommend that you start down below early before the sun is up. Once the sun is up, you will need to adjust to the deeper holes and slow your drifts. The water is going to be very clear, so using a lighter line and smaller patterns are going to be the most productive.

Town and Pulaski

There were a few reports, and they were all positive. In the early morning, there have been some reports from Lower Staircase and Upper Ball Park with fish movement. Otherwise, the holes to fish are going to be Upper Staircase, Long Bridge, and Town Bridge.

81 to Altmar

The fishing from Tailwaters/Schoolhouse/Wires to the Lower Fly Zone has been consistent all winter with some improvements in the last few weeks. However, the most significant improvements have come from 81, 2A, Pineville, Sportsman, Trestles, and Ellis. All of these are seeing anglers getting into fish. Due to the weather being more cooperative this weekend, you may find more pressure on the Lower Fly Zone. We encourage you to look beyond and look for less pressured waters as the whole river is improving.

Reports Provided by @SalmonRiverNewbie

For more detailed reports go to Salmon River Fishing Report

Video of the Week: No Great Things

https://vimeo.com/376486042

This week, we take a look at a short film from Western Natives. The video takes place in Alaska at Elfin Cove resort, and talks about the difficulty of catching fish and why that drives us.

I think that many of us can agree that the difficulty of fly fishing is one of the things that drives us to love the sport so much. If it was easy to catch fish on the fly, then the reward of success wouldn’t be there. Check out the full film to see the result of hard work and some beautiful scenery along the way.

The video of the week is selected and written by FlyLords team member Conner Grimes (@doublehaulmedia).

Throwback Video of the Week: Engler

Video of the Week: Resilient Waters

Video of the Week: The Midnight Mission

Ring Of Fire Ignites, Earthquakes Reported Near Pebble Mine Site

On January 28, the Bristol Bay region in Alaska was awoken by a 3.6 magnitude earthquake.

Now Alaska is no stranger to activity from the Ring of Fire, a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. But recently the rate at which earthquakes and volcanic activity are occurring has increased. According to the Alaska Earthquake Center, 2018 and 2019 took first and second place for the most earthquakes recorded in the state: “With a total of 50,289 reported earthquakes, 2019 finished as a runner up to the record-breaking 2018. The earthquake depths ranged between zero and 165 miles.”

In 2018, a 7.1 magnitude quake hit Anchorage and aftershocks lasted for hours after. Now while most Alaskan buildings are designed and built to handle these unstable conditions, activists and local Alaskans are concerned that the proposed Pebble Mine, is not designed with enough forethought to handle large quakes.

According to the plans for the mine, a 500-foot tailing dam is planned to be built, upstream of the world’s most productive sockeye salmon stream.

The Army Corp of Engineers released a draft Environmental Impact Study (EIS) for public comment, that was met with an incredibly high amount of criticism. What’s truly interesting is that according to a Corps leader the final environmental impact statement it releases on the proposed mine plan would “not include an analysis of the impacts of a tailings dam failure.”

Meaning that, the EIS has no provisions in it as to what will happen to the local ecosystem and communities should an earthquake, or other natural disasters cause the dam to fail.

To delve deeper into the issue, read this article from National Fisherman!

Do Innovations in Land-Based Salmon Farming Spell the End of Open-Water Farms?

Net-pen style salmon farms seem to be on their way out after pressures from conservationists and animal rights groups mount in the wake of recent net-pen farm collapses that have released farmed fish into the open ocean. Multiple countries have banned net-pen farms in their waters, and companies like Atlantic Sapphire, are stepping in to provide innovative land-based “bluehouse” fish farms.

Enter Atlantic Sapphire, a Norwegian company, born out of the need to organically farm and ship salmon around the globe with a minimal carbon footprint. In 2010, their pilot “bluehouse” was built in Denmark in partnership with aquaculture expert Thue Holm and has produced 25 generations of Atlantic Salmon to date.

Meanwhile, the company’s founders began to construct a bluehouse in the continental United States, which, it turns out, is responsible for importing 90% of the world’s farmed salmon. Constructing a farm in the contiguous US provides the company with the ability to farm-raise salmon and ship them to end consumers at a lower cost.

The first Atlantic Sapphire farmed salmon are expected to hit shelves in the Summer of 2020.

To learn more about Atlantic Sapphire’s innovations and potential to disrupt the salmon farming industry, check out their website: https://atlanticsapphire.com/

Fly Fishing Belize: 2 Grand Slams in 2 Days [Full Video]

When everything lines up in Southern Belize and you get two grand slams back to back! Talk about some skills with a side of luck.

“We never expected it to be this good. On the last two days of our trip to Belize, it all came together. The calm and sunny conditions were perfect for flats fishing. Thanks to our incredible guides, Lincoln and Marlon, two grand slams were boated. Luck was on our side, and Damien got it done.”

Video from Will Phelps, be sure to check out his YouTube Channel PhelpsOnTheFly.

Angler is Damien Nurre, fly fishing guides are from Blue Horizon Fly Fishing Belize.

China to Ban Single Use Plastic Bags & Straws

For years, China has struggled with the garbage that its 1.4 billion citizens generate. Hell, the country’s largest trash dump is the size of 100 football fields and hit capacity 25 years ahead of schedule.

In 2017, China collected more than 215 million tons of household garbage and leads the world in single-use plastic consumption, producing a whopping 28% of the global total. But, all of that is poised to change after an announcement made by the Chinese National Development and Reform Commission.

According to the Commission policy, single-use plastic bags will be banned in cities and towns by the end of 2020, with single-use straws taking their final bow in 2025 in the restaurant industry.

Illegally produced wood is also in the Commission’s crosshairs. For nearly 20 years, China’s thirst for raw materials has been a driver of illegal logging in parts of Asia and Africa and is said to be the world’s largest consumer of the material.

According to the BBC, “Beijing has amended its law to help timber-producing countries trying to tackle corruption in forestry. It says it aims to protect forestry resources and supports a ban on the cutting of natural forests.”

To read more about China’s recent environmental push, read the rest of this article from the BBC!

How to Tie: The Velcro Crab

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In this week’s How to Tie Video feature, Martyn White is here from Martyn White Flicking Feather to show us how to tie the velcro crab fly.

Learn About This Fly:

Difficulty: Intermediate

The Velcro crab is one of the many interpretations of how to tie a crab fly to fish for bonefish, redfish, and other saltwater carnivores. Utilizing thin sheets of velcro to create the outer shell/ body of this fly, it is considered an extremely versatile, as well as durable fly when fishing the salt.

These flies can be fished in a multitude of ways. Whether you’re lining the rugged, sandy bottom of some Florida flats, or navigating over and through tall grass in coastal marshes through South Carolina, there’s one thing for certain. These little crabby flies drive big fish nuts.

Unline many freshwater flies, or flies that imitate baitfish, the majority of this “tie” is done off the vice. After some foundation and weight is attached to the hook, this fly moves from vice to table (preferably stuck into a foam tab) for the final touches that give this crabby creation its body and personality. For new tiers, this may seem like a daunting departure from ordinary tying methods, however it can be a fun way to explore new techniques and further explore your creativity behind the bobbin.

Ingredients:

  • Hook: Gamakatsu SL11-3H
  • Weight: lead dumbbells
  • Thread: 6/0 to match colour of crab
  • Body: Velcro (soft side) cut to crab shape
  • Legs: rubber legs, chenille or rubber bands
  • Claws: chenille, cock hackle or rubber
  • Mouth parts: hackle fiber, marabou or similar
  • Eyes: EP crab eyes or similar
  • Belly: Epoxy mixed with white nail polish
  • Weed guard: Hard Nylon

 

Now you know how to tie the Velcro Crab!

Video and Ingredients courtesy of Martyn White Flicking Feathers 

How to Tie: Galloup’s Sex Dungeon

How to Tie: The Tarpon Bunny

How to Tie: The Clouser Minnow

Trump Administration’s Dirty Water Rule Finalized

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“Eventually, all things merge into one, and a river runs through it.” Back in 1976, Norman Maclean understood the interconnectedness of the waters of the United States. Unfortunately, the Trump administration is having trouble understanding the basic concept that all water is connected. Last week, EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler unveiled the finalized Navigable Waters Protection Rule, a stark rollback of President Obama’s Waters of the United States rule and an unprecedented weakening of the 1972 Clean Water Act. This new rule is not just a devastating blow to our fisheries and habitats; this rule will threaten clean drinking water across the country.

As many may know, the Trump administration’s Navigable Waters Protection Rule, is the culmination of a sustained effort to substantially weaken the Clean Water Act–specifically the Obama administration’s 2015 Waters of the United States Rule, which protected small headwaters and millions of acres of wetlands. Back in the fall of 2019, the Trump administration finalized the withdrawal of that rule. However, the Trump administration took   their attack one step further; after finalizing the withdrawal of the Obama definition of “waters of the United States,” the administration is now providing its own definition for the law.

Courtesy of Earthjustice

Under the new rule, millions of miles of smaller headwater streams and millions of acres of wetlands will lose protections and be exposed to industrial and agricultural pollution. Only “territorial seas and traditional navigable waters; perennial and intermittent tributaries that contribute surface water flow to such waters; certain lakes, ponds, and impoundments of jurisdictional waters; and wetlands adjacent to other jurisdictional waters” would still be protected. However, this rule will remove protections for groundwater, wetlands not connected to major tributary or jurisdictional waterways, and ephemeral waterways (which flow only occasionally due to storm runoff or snowmelt), and water features commonly found in agricultural landscapes. To be clear, an EPA study found that 59% of all streams in the United States–excluding Alaska–are ephemeral or intermittent. Many of these streams would not be subject to federal protections and thus subject to destructive  chemical pollution and physical alterations.

That same EPA study highlighted the extreme vulnerability of the American Southwest–Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Colorado and California. That region is especially vulnerable to harmful effects from this rule change, because 81% of the region’s streams are ephemeral or intermittent. Water is a dominant issue in the American West, and this rule will ignite heightened disputes and legal challenges for this quenched region. This administration is allowing the essential water in this region to become more and more polluted and less suitable for humans, fish, and wildlife.

Further, the scientific integrity of the Trump administration’s rule change has been repeatedly called into question. The EPA’s own Science Board offered a rejection of the Trump administration’s rule. The report notes, “the proposed revised definition of WOTUS [waters of the United States] decreases protection for our Nation’s waters and does not support the objective of restoring and maintaining ‘the chemical, physical and biological integrity’ of these waters” and “the proposed Rule neglects established science pertaining specifically to the connectivity of ground water to wetlands and adjacent major bodies of water.” Those excerpts are quotes from EPA’s very own scientists.

Small headwaters, where native trout like this one live, will lose federal protections

Experts and advocates are also offering stark criticism. An environmental law professor at Vermont Law School said, “this is rolling back federal jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act further than it’s ever been before.” Gina McCarthy, who was the EPA Administrator who finalized the 2015 Waters of the United States Rule and now heads up the Natural Resources Defense Council, said, “this effort neglects established science and poses substantial new risks to people’s health and the environment. We will do all we can to fight this attack on clean water. We will not let it stand.” American Rivers CEO, Bob Irvin, said the Trump administration’s dirty water rule, “is reckless and capricious, reversing the Clean Water Rule which was firmly based on sound legal and scientific analyses, extensive fact-finding and stakeholder input, and broad popular support.”

The scientists clearly do not agree with this rule change, but politicians and agency officials who formally lobbied for energy companies must know better. Ironically, when EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler unveiled the finalized rule, he was not at an official EPA briefing, or even in the nation’s capital. Rather, he unveiled this science-ignoring rule in Las Vegas, at a conference for the National Association of Home Builders–a sector that will directly benefit from the rule. The hypocrisy is striking and appalling.

All water is connected. Yet, the Trump administration’s rule ignores that simple and undisputed fact. This rule will result in more polluted water and harmed habitats all throughout the country to the benefit of industry. “You can bet on gravity every time. Whatever is in our headwaters will ultimately end up in our own backyards,” said Trout Unlimited President and CEO Chris Wood. This rule will inevitably be challenged in courts, possibly ending up before the Supreme Court, but in the meantime, our nation’s waters are undeniably in more danger today than in recent history.

Army Corp of Engineers & EPA Working to Cut Protections for Millions of Stream Miles

President Trump’s Environmental Record Is Far From Adequate, Despite His Recent Remarks